A limestone statue may be eroded by acid rain. This causes the calcium carbonate to form a salt plus water plus carbon dioxide and gradually wears away the statue. Some famous buildings like the Houses of Parliament in Westminster have their stonework replaced.
When a chemical compound is formed from a metal and a non-metal, then electrons are transferred. Each element then becomes a charged particle or "ion". The new compound created is a giant ionic lattice held together by the strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative charged ions.
Metals contain metallic bonds. These metallic bonds are very strong so a lot of energy is needed to break them. As a result metals tend to have very high melting and boiling points and are solids at room temperature (except mercury, of course). Metallic bonding is caused by the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalised electrons.